Diversity, Equity & InclusioN
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Marginalized and socially disadvantaged people have been historically discriminated and excluded from STEM education and inclusion in STEM research. In 2020, despite being 17% of the population, only 7.8% of PhDs were awarded to Hispanic people. Dr. Casillas is one of them which she feels both extremely privileged and disheartened by. She strives for a future where everyone is equally likely to succeed in STEM so that unacceptable consequences like health disparities in BIPOC are eliminated. Here, she has compiled key resources in order to help others in their DEI outreach and education. It will be updated periodically as new material comes out. Dr. Casillas is not author to any of the literature below, but she appreciates the efforts to bridge the gap and endorses all material listed.
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Key terms
BIPOC: Black, Indigenous and People of Color
Diversity: involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds
Equity: acknowledging and addressing structural inequalities — historic and current — that advantage some and disadvantage others
Inclusion: when diverse groups feel welcome to express opinions and are involved in decisions that involve them
Health disparities: preventable differences in the burden of disease and outcomes that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
Microaggression: everyday slights, indignities, put downs and insults that people who are marginalized experience
Stereotype threat: fear or anxiety of confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group
Tokenism: the practice of doing something only to prevent criticism and give the appearance that people are being treated fairly
Imposter syndrome: feelings of inadequacy that persist despite evident success
DEI Primary Literature
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Inclusion in practice: a systematic review of diversity-focused STEM programming in the United States. Palid, et al. International Journal of STEM Education volume 10, Article number: 2 (2023). DOI: 10.1186/s40594-022-00387-3
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Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Cancer Clinical Trials: An American Society of Clinical Oncology and Association of Community Cancer Centers Joint Research Statement. Oyer, et al. J Clin Oncol (2022) 40(19):2163-2171. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.22.00754
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Addressing racism and disparities in the biomedical sciences. Clark, U.S., Hurd, Y.L. Nat Hum Behav 4, 774–777 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0917-7
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The Diversity–Innovation Paradox in Science. Bas Hofstra, Vivek V. Kulkarni, Sebastian Munoz-Najar Galvez, Bryan He, Dan Jurafsky, Daniel A. McFarland. PNAS, (2020), 117 (17) 9284-9291; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915378117
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Discerning Disparities: The Data Gap. ​Treadwell, Henrie M, et al. American journal of men's health vol. 13,1 (2019): 1557988318807098. doi:10.1177/1557988318807098
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Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment of Impostor Syndrome: a Systematic Review. Bravata, D.M., Watts, S.A., Keefer, A.L. et al. J Gen Intern Med 35, 1252–1275 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05364-1
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Fund Black Scientists. Stevens, Kelly R, et. al. (2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.011
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Overcoming Disparities in Cancer: A Need for Meaningful Reform for Hispanic and Latino Cancer Survivors. Joshua P Kronenfeld, Kristi D Graves, Frank J Penedo, Betina Yanez. (2021). Oncologist, review. DOI: 10.1002/onco.13729
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DEI editorials/news articles
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NSF grant decisions reflect systemic racism, study argues. Jeffrey Mervis. (2022). Science. Science, Vol 377, Issue 6605. DOI: 10.1126/science.ade1312
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Interviewed while Black. Ellis, et al. (2020). NEJM, perspective. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2023999
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Science benefits from diversity. Editorial. (2018). Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05326-3
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Culture Clash on Consent. Editorial. (2010). Nat Neurosci. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0710-777
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How to Recruit and Retain Underrepresented Minorities. Ashanti Johnson and Melanie Harrison Okoro. (2016). American Scientist. Text: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/how-to-recruit-and-retain-underrepresented-minorities
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NIH Uncovers Racial Disparity in Grant Awards. Jocelyn Kaiser. (2011). Science, news article. DOI: 10.1126/science.333.6045.925
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An Antidote to Impostor Syndrome. Dean Jackson, (2014). XRDS, article. Link: article
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Miscellaneous
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Survey of Earned Doctorates, from nsf.gov
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Women, Minorities & People with Disabilities in Science and Engineering Factsheet, from nsf. gov
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“The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas” by Ursula K LeGuin - from The Wind's Twelve Quarters
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Surviving & Resisting Hate: A Toolkit for People of Color​
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